2024, Volume 26, Issue 3
Strategic Study of CAE >> 2024, Volume 26, Issue 3 doi: 10.15302/J-SSCAE-2024.07.014
Development of Space Propulsion Technologies in China: Analysis and Suggestions
1. China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation, Beijing 100048, China;
2. Beijing Institute of Control Engineering, Beijing 100094, China;
3. School of Aerospace Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;
4. Shanghai Institute of Space Propulsion, Shanghai 201112, China;
5. China Academy of Launch Vehicle Technology, Beijing 100076, China;
6. Lanzhou Institute of Physics, CAST, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Abstract
After over 60 years of development, the space propulsion field in China has made tremendous progress in terms of technology system and product pedigree, and has supported major engineering applications including manned spaceflight, applied satellites, and deep space exploration. However, considering the requirements of future major aerospace missions in China, the technical level of current space propulsion systems is still insufficient, and it is urgent to plan directions for the innovative development and breakthroughs of the field. This study reviews the development status of the space propulsion systems from the aspects of electric, chemical, nuclear, and new-concept space propulsion, and analyzes the requirements of future applications. Specifically, high-performance, low-cost space propulsion systems are required to support the networking of low-Earth-orbit (LEO) small satellites; high-thrust, reusable low-temperature chemical propulsion technologies are required for new space-transportation systems; and multi-type, long-life space propulsion technologies are required for deep-space applications. The results demonstrate that the space propulsion field in China still faces multiple challenges. First, the system reliability and lifespan require further improvement. Second, the space propulsion systems of China still lag behind the advanced international level in terms of product maturity of some technologies. Third, this field typically has a high product cost. Fourth, there are few types of optional technologies, and the research progress of key technologies is lagging. Therefore, we propose the following suggestions: (1) optimizing technology options through top-level planning, (2) improving the development mechanism of the field by emphasizing basic research, and (3) clarifying and promoting scientific research and development in key technological directions, thereby achieving in-orbit applications of the propulsion systems for LEO small satellites, Earth–Moon space transfer, and deep space exploration (including manned spaceflight).
Keywords
space propulsion ; electric propulsion ; nuclear propulsion ; LEO small satellite ; space transportation ; deep space exploration ; reuse
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