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Spatial fading channel emulation for over-the-air testing of millimeter-wave radios: concepts and experimental validations

Wei Fan, Lassi Hentilä, Pekka Kyösti,wfa@es.aau.dk

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 548-559 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000484

Abstract: Millimeter-wave (mmWave) communication is regarded as the key enabling component for fifth-generation (5G) cellular systems due to the large available spectrum bandwidth. To make mmWave new radio (NR) a reality, tremendous efforts have been exerted from the industry and academia. Performance evaluation of mmWave NR is a mandatory step and the key to ensuring the success of mmWave 5G deployment. Over-the-air (OTA) radiated method of testing mmWave NR in laboratory conditions is highly attractive, since it facilitates virtual field testing of mmWave devices in realistic propagation conditions. In this paper, we first discuss the need for and challenges in OTA measurement of mmWave 5G NR under fading channel conditions. After that, two promising candidate solutions, i.e., wireless cable and multi-probe anechoic chamber (MPAC), are detailed. Their principles, applicability for mmWave NR, and main challenges are discussed. Furthermore, preliminary experimental validation results in a frequency range 2 anechoic chamber are demonstrated for the wireless cable and MPAC methods at 28 GHz.

Keywords：空间信道模型；空口测试；无线线缆；多探头电波暗室；FR2验证

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Over-the-air measurement for MIMO systems Review Articles

Jun Li, Yihong Qi, Jun Fan,jun.li@generaltest.com,yihong.qi@generaltest.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 8, Pages 1046-1058 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000230

Abstract: is an industry standard practice for evaluating transceiver performance in wireless devices. For the wireless systems with high integration, OTA testing is probably the only reliable method to accurately measure the transceiver performance, suitable for certification as well as for providing feedback for design verification and optimization. Further, technology is extensively applied for stable connection, high throughput rate, and low latency. In this paper, we provide an overview of the three main methods for evaluating the MIMO OTA performance, namely, the method, the method, and the method, with the aim of providing a useful guideline for developing effective in future 5G-and-beyond wireless systems.

Keywords：空中（OTA）测试；无线性能测试；第五代（5G）及超5代；多入多出（MIMO）；多探头法（MPAC）；辐射两步法（RTS）；混响室加通道模拟器法（RC+CE）

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Study on Several Radio Propagation Models in ITU - R Recommendations

Zhang Minggao

Strategic Study of CAE 2000, Volume 2, Issue 7, Pages 74-78

Abstract:

Studies are presented on five radio propagation models in ITU - R recommendations. The mcxlels include statistical prediction method for tropospheric scatter transmission loss, prediction method for sea reflection fading in maritime mobile satellite telecommunications, conversion method for ionosphereic scintillation fading, simplified prediction method for attenuation by atmospheric gases and modified prediction method for field strength in land mobile services.

Keywords： radio propagation tropospheric scatter sea reflection ionospheric scintillation attenuation by atmospheric gases

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Launch dynamics of multibody system and its applications

Rui Xiaoting

Strategic Study of CAE 2011, Volume 13, Issue 10, Pages 76-82

Abstract:

Bad firing precision, huge consumption of projectiles in test and launch unsafety are the three difficult technology problems constraining the development of modern rockets and gun weapons. Firing precision and the launch safety of weapon system depend on dynamics style of weapon system. As a engineering subject of multidisciplinary approach studying the motion styles of weapon system and the force acting on it during launch process, launch dynamics has been a new technological breakthrough in improving firing precision and launch safety of rockets and gun weapon system in the world, provided new theory and technology for design and test of firing precision and launch safety. In this paper, theory and technology of launch dynamics of multibody system and its applications in design and test of firing precision and safety for rockets and gun weapons are studied.

Keywords： firing precision consumption of projectile in test launch safety launch dynamics of multibody system transfer matrix method of multibody system

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Supermodular interference suppression game for multistatic MIMO radar networks and multiple jammers with multiple targets Research Article

Bin HE, Hongtao SU,aihebin19@163.com,suht@xidian.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 4, Pages 617-629 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000652

Abstract: To deal with the threat of the new generation of electronic warfare, we establish a non-cooperative countermeasure game model to analyze and interference suppression between multistatic multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) radars and in this study. First, according to the strategy, a supermodular game framework with a fixed weight (FW) vector is constructed. At the same time, a constrained optimization model for maximizing the radar utility function is established. Based on the utility function, the best strategies for the radars and jammers are obtained. The existence and uniqueness of the Nash equilibrium (NE) of the are proved. A algorithm with FW is proposed which converges to the NE. In addition, we use adaptive methods to suppress cross-channel interference that occurs as direct wave interferences between the radars and jammers. A algorithm for joint and is also proposed. The algorithm can ensure the best , and also improves the interference suppression ability of the . Finally, the effectiveness and convergence of two algorithms are verified by numerical results.

Keywords： Supermodular game Power allocation Beamforming MIMO radar Multiple jammers

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Derivation of the multi-model generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter: a solution to multi-target hybrid systems Research Articles

Weihua Wu, Yichao Cai, Hongbin Jin, Mao Zheng, Xun Feng, Zewen Guan,weihuawu1987@163.com

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 1, Pages 1-140 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000105

Abstract: In this study, we extend traditional (single-target) hybrid systems to with a focus on the system. This system consists of a continuous state, a discrete and switchable state, and a discrete, time-constant, and unique state. By defining a new generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli density, we prove that it is closed under the Chapman-Kolmogorov prediction and Bayes update for . In other words, we provide the exact derivation of a solution to this system, i.e., the , which has been developed without strict proof.

Keywords： Multi-maneuvering-target tracking Multi-model Generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter Multi-target hybrid systems

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Radio propagation measurement and cluster-based analysis for millimeter-wave cellular systems in dense urban environments

Peize Zhang, Haiming Wang, Wei Hong,pzzhang@seu.edu.cn,hmwang@seu.edu.cn,weihong@seu.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2021, Volume 22, Issue 4, Pages 471-487 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000489

Abstract: The deployment of millimeter-wave (mmWave) cellular systems in dense urban environments with an acceptable coverage and cost-efficient transmission scheme is essential for the rollout of fifth-generation and beyond technology. In this paper, cluster-based analysis of mmWave channel characteristics in two typical dense urban environments is performed. First, radio campaigns are conducted in two identified mmWave bands of 28 and 39 GHz in a central business district and a dense residential area. The custom-designed channel sounder supports high-efficiency directional scanning sounding, which helps collect sufficient data for statistical channel modeling. Next, using an improved auto- algorithm, multipath clusters and their scattering sources are identified. An appropriate measure for inter- and intra-cluster characteristics is provided, which includes the cluster number, the Ricean -factor, root-mean-squared (RMS) delay spread, RMS angular spread, and their correlations. Comparisons of these parameters across two mmWave bands for both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-light-of-sight (NLoS) links are given. To shed light on the blockage effects, detailed analysis of the propagation mechanisms corresponding to each NLoS cluster is provided, including reflection from exterior walls and over building corners and rooftops. Finally, the results show that the cluster-based analysis takes full advantage of mmWave beamspace channel characteristics and has further implications for the design and deployment of mmWave wireless networks.

Keywords：毫米波通信；分簇；绕射；多路通道；传播测量

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A Hybrid Neural Network Model for Marine Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Time-Series Forecasting Based on Multi-Factor Analysis and a Multi-Model Ensemble Article

Hui Liu, Rui Yang, Zhu Duan, Haiping Wu

Engineering 2021, Volume 7, Issue 12, Pages 1751-1765 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.10.023

Abstract:

Dissolved oxygen (DO) is an important indicator of aquaculture, and its accurate forecasting can effectively improve the quality of aquatic products. In this paper, a new DO hybrid forecasting model is proposed that includes three stages: multi-factor analysis, adaptive decomposition, and an optimization-based ensemble. First, considering the complex factors affecting DO, the grey relational (GR) degree method is used to screen out the environmental factors most closely related to DO. The consideration of multiple factors makes model fusion more effective. Second, the series of DO, water temperature, salinity, and oxygen saturation are decomposed adaptively into sub-series by means of the empirical wavelet transform (EWT) method. Then, five benchmark models are utilized to forecast the sub-series of EWT decomposition. The ensemble weights of these five sub-forecasting models are calculated by particle swarm optimization and gravitational search algorithm (PSOGSA). Finally, a multi-factor ensemble model for DO is obtained by weighted allocation. The performance of the proposed model is verified by time-series data collected by the pacific islands ocean observing system (PacIOOS) from the WQB04 station at Hilo. The evaluation indicators involved in the experiment include the nash-sutcliffe efficiency (NSE), kling-gupta efficiency (KGE), mean absolute percent error (MAPE), standard deviation of error (SDE), and coefficient of determination (R2). Example analysis demonstrates that: ① the proposed model can obtain excellent DO forecasting results; ② the proposed model is superior to other comparison models; and ③ the forecasting model can be used to analyze the trend of DO and enable managers to make better management decisions.

Keywords： Dissolved oxygen concentrations forecasting Time-series multi-step forecasting Multi-factor analysis Empirical wavelet transform decomposition Multi-model optimization ensemble

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A case study of oriented perforating technology for the multiple crack fracturing

Tang Meirong

Strategic Study of CAE 2012, Volume 14, Issue 4, Pages 105-112

Abstract:

It has been proved by successful experimental study and application of the new fracturing technology, which create two fracture, significantly improving contact area between fracture and low permeability reservoir, and increasing productivity as well. Normally the permeability of the low permeability block in the Changqing oil field is below 0.5 mD by low-permeable cores analysis. It is a tough task to development the oil through the general methods due to geological condition, watering well distribution and fracturing technology. Volume fracturing is proposed to increase the productivity by multiple crack fracturing since 2006 in Changqing oil field. The fracture initiated from the hole by the perforating shot, then turn the direction of the maximum level principal stress in the physical model research. Two lines of perforating shot are fired in the different depth of the oil reservoir, with an angular between the shots and the maximum level principal stress, liking letter “X”, paralleling in the distance. The oriented perforating technology for the multiple crack fracturing is presented and applied in the Changqing oil field. It is proved that multiple crack created by the downhole microseismic monitoring, productivity also increased 38.1 % compared to the adjacent by oriented perforating and multiple crack fracturing, the characteristics of the reservoir has been analyzed.

Keywords： oriented perforating fractural diverting multiple crack fracturing discharge volume increase in production

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One-against-all-based Hellinger distance decision tree for multiclass imbalanced learning Research Articles

Minggang DONG, Ming LIU, Chao JING,jingchao@glut.edu.cn

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2022, Volume 23, Issue 2, Pages 278-290 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.2000417

Abstract: Since traditional machine learning methods are sensitive to skewed distribution and do not consider the characteristics in multiclass imbalance problems, the skewed distribution of multiclass data poses a major challenge to machine learning algorithms. To tackle such issues, we propose a new splitting criterion of the decision tree based on the one-against-all-based (OAHD). Two crucial elements are included in OAHD. First, the is integrated into the process of computing the in OAHD, thereby extending the decision tree to cope with the multiclass imbalance problem. Second, for the multiclass imbalance problem, the distribution and the number of distinct classes are taken into account, and a modified Gini index is designed. Moreover, we give theoretical proofs for the properties of OAHD, including skew insensitivity and the ability to seek a purer node in the decision tree. Finally, we collect 20 public real-world imbalanced data sets from the Knowledge Extraction based on Evolutionary Learning (KEEL) repository and the University of California, Irvine (UCI) repository. Experimental and statistical results show that OAHD significantly improves the performance compared with the five other well-known in terms of Precision, F-measure, and multiclass area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (MAUC). Moreover, through statistical analysis, the Friedman and Nemenyi tests are used to prove the advantage of OAHD over the five other .

Keywords： Decision trees Multiclass imbalanced learning Node splitting criterion Hellinger distance One-against-all scheme

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Embracing non-orthogonalmultiple access in future wireless networks None

Zhi-guo DING, Mai XU, Yan CHEN, Mu-gen PENG, H. Vincent POOR

Frontiers of Information Technology & Electronic Engineering 2018, Volume 19, Issue 3, Pages 322-339 doi: 10.1631/FITEE.1800051

Abstract: This paper provides a comprehensive survey of the impact of the emerging communication technique, non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA), on future wireless networks. Particularly, how the NOMA principle affects the design of the generation multiple access techniques is introduced first. Then the applications of NOMA to other advanced communication techniques, such as wireless caching, multiple-input multiple-output techniques, millimeter-wave communications, and cooperative relaying, are discussed. The impact of NOMA on communication systems beyond cellular networks is also illustrated, through the examples of digital TV, satellite communications, vehicular networks, and visible light communications. Finally, the study is concluded with a discussion of important research challenges and promising future directions in NOMA.

Keywords： Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) Wireless caching Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) NOMA Cooperative NOMA Millimeter-wave networks Visible light communications (VLC)

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A Combined Optimization Model for Transportation Modes of Multimodal Transport

Wang Tao,Wang Gang

Strategic Study of CAE 2005, Volume 7, Issue 10, Pages 46-50

Abstract:

To solve the prevalent problem of the low informatization level and lack of relevant decision support systems for the multimodal transport in China, transportation characteristics of various transportation modes are analyzed firstly, and choice basis is put forward after comparison. Then a virtual transportation network of multimodal transport is set up. Finally, a combined optimization model for various transportation modes is deduced based on the above and algorithm is also proposed.

Keywords： multimodal transport transportation mode combined optimization

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Methods of Processing Ambiguity in Multi-Agent System

Wang Ziqiang,Feng Boqin

Strategic Study of CAE 2003, Volume 5, Issue 9, Pages 72-77

Abstract:

In order to give a more refined notion of information that is conveyed by ambiguous expressions, this paper analyzes how ambiguity affects the knowledge of the dialog participants and, especially, what they know about each other after an ambiguous sentence has been uttered. Methods of processing ambiguity based on Kripke structures in a multi-agent system is presented. The information states of multi-agent system are represented as a Kripke structures. The agents communicate with each other by means of a tell function, whose application is constrained by an implementation of some of Grice´s maxims. The method can easily distinguish semantic ambiguity from perceived ambiguity in the information conveyed by ambiguous sentences, so it is of practical value for researching on multi-agent systems.

Keywords： multi-agent system ambiguity processing method Kripke structure

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Multi-band Synchronization Model for Speech Recognition Under Noisy Condition

Sun Wei,Wu Zhenyang

Strategic Study of CAE 2006, Volume 8, Issue 3, Pages 31-34

Abstract:

Based on perception characteristic of human ear, this paper proposes synchronization multi-band maximum likelihood linear regression algorithm for robust speech recognition under noisy condition. The algorithm utilizes maximum likelihood as estimation criteria to compensate the effects of noisy condition with multi-band synchronization model and noise corruption assumption. The tests show that the proposed algorithm improves the performance of recognition system effectively.

Keywords： hidden Markov model maximum likelihood multi-band synchronization model speech recognition

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PHAHs in surface sediments from the Baiyangdian Lake and their potential risk

Zhao Gaofeng,Zhou Huaidong,Fu Yuqin,Zhao Yueqian,Jiang Jinjie,Cai Weiwei,Lu Xiaohong,Yang Xiaoman

Strategic Study of CAE 2010, Volume 12, Issue 6, Pages 41-47

Abstract:

45 surface sediment samples (at the top 0~5 cm layer) were collected from the Baiyangdian Lake. The contents of 22 PBB congeners, 8 PBDE congeners, and 28 PCB congeners in sediments were measured using Varian CP3800/300 GC-MS/MS technique. The measured level shows that PCBs have the highest entrations in the sediment samples among the three PHAH subfamilies, with Geometric Mean 20.57 ng·g^-1·dw. B28, 52, 66, 138, 156 and 170 are the most predominant PCB congeners. The levels of PBBs and PBDEs are lower than those of PCBs in the sediment samples, with a concentration of 0.47 and 1.78 ng·g^-1 ·dw, respectively. PBDE28 and 47 are the most predominant PBDE congeners, with their concentration accounting for 16 % and 21 % of the total PBDEs concentration observed in the sample, respectively. The PHAHs levels monitored in the present study were compared to those reported recently for districts located in other countries. The concentrations of PHAHs in the sediment samples were in the same order of magnitude of those reported on background levels in remote lakes sediment in these European and American countries, which shows toxic biological effects on aquatic biota and potential risk are negligible due to PHAHs contamination in sediments.

Keywords： Baiyangdian sediment PBBs PBDEs PCBs

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Title Author Date Type Operation

Spatial fading channel emulation for over-the-air testing of millimeter-wave radios: concepts and experimental validations

Wei Fan, Lassi Hentilä, Pekka Kyösti,wfa@es.aau.dk

Journal Article

Over-the-air measurement for MIMO systems

Jun Li, Yihong Qi, Jun Fan,jun.li@generaltest.com,yihong.qi@generaltest.com

Journal Article

Study on Several Radio Propagation Models in ITU - R Recommendations

Zhang Minggao

Journal Article

Launch dynamics of multibody system and its applications

Rui Xiaoting

Journal Article

Supermodular interference suppression game for multistatic MIMO radar networks and multiple jammers with multiple targets

Bin HE, Hongtao SU,aihebin19@163.com,suht@xidian.edu.cn

Journal Article

Derivation of the multi-model generalized labeled multi-Bernoulli filter: a solution to multi-target hybrid systems

Weihua Wu, Yichao Cai, Hongbin Jin, Mao Zheng, Xun Feng, Zewen Guan,weihuawu1987@163.com

Journal Article

Radio propagation measurement and cluster-based analysis for millimeter-wave cellular systems in dense urban environments

Peize Zhang, Haiming Wang, Wei Hong,pzzhang@seu.edu.cn,hmwang@seu.edu.cn,weihong@seu.edu.cn

Journal Article

A Hybrid Neural Network Model for Marine Dissolved Oxygen Concentrations Time-Series Forecasting Based on Multi-Factor Analysis and a Multi-Model Ensemble

Hui Liu, Rui Yang, Zhu Duan, Haiping Wu

Journal Article

A case study of oriented perforating technology for the multiple crack fracturing

Tang Meirong

Journal Article

One-against-all-based Hellinger distance decision tree for multiclass imbalanced learning

Minggang DONG, Ming LIU, Chao JING,jingchao@glut.edu.cn

Journal Article

Embracing non-orthogonalmultiple access in future wireless networks

Zhi-guo DING, Mai XU, Yan CHEN, Mu-gen PENG, H. Vincent POOR

Journal Article

A Combined Optimization Model for Transportation Modes of Multimodal Transport